Theoretically.....No

Can there be a difference on game....Yes

Depending on powder being used (especially for reloaders) a slower burning powder may not burn completely in the shorter barrel, thus giving a difference in pattern at a given range. (Not likely with store bought shells though)

The longer barrel can give you better balance, and sight plane when hunting and you will think there is a difference!

It's not easy going between the 2 lengths either when hunting. Hunting with a shotgun requires one to swing and follow through.....generally speaking.

Shorter barrels will get you a faster swing, and longer ones will be a slower swing. There are differences in sights and or vent rib angles too on different length barrels, some lower and some higher